Full Adder Circuit System Free Sample

Questions: Task 1Construct a combinational full adder circuit from a digital arithmetic system. Using CMOS ICsTest the circuit taking into account all logic levels; compare your tests to circuit specifications using data sheets for the AND, exclusive OR, and OR gates. Use truth tables to complement your testing procedureCompare the operation of a combinational logic device and a sequential logic deviceTask 2Evaluate and suggest improvements to the circuit operation of a digital system with respect to the method of data acquisition and human interface employed.Take into account the alarm system you have used in Measurement Test and Fault Finding. Consider and evaluate how the system operates in terms of acquiring the data and presenting the outcomes within its operation , suggest improvements that could be made. Consider the human interaction with the circuit and suggest improvements. Answers: Digital logic circuits- Discrete voltage levels are used for the operation of digital logic circuits. Abstract circuit elements are used in digital circuits. Gates are known as abstract circuit elements. The output of the gate is the function of input. In analog circuits, noise distortion and signal attenuation are overcome by digital circuits. There are two types of digital circuits- Combinational logic circuits Digital logic circuits Combinational logic circuits- The output of a combinational logic circuit is a function of the present input. So, a state cannot be stored in a combinational logic circuit. Combinational logic circuits perform the arithmetic operations on stored data. There are various examples of combinational logic circuits like- multiplexers, demultiplexers, half adders, full adders, encoders and decoders. Implementation of combinational logic circuit is done in Sum of Products (SOP) and Products of Sum (POS) rules. There is no memory in combinational logic circuits. When a new input is applied to combinational logic circuit, information regarding the previous input is removed. Logic diagram, truth table and Boolean expression of the combinational logic circuit have been shown in the previous page. Sequential logic circuits- In sequential logic circuits, output depends on present and past inputs. In a digital circuit, the data is stored by sequential logic circuits and these circuits contain memory. Latch is the simplest element in the sequential logic circuits. Latches can be termed as flip flops. The combinational circuit in which one or more outputs are fed back as inputs, is known as latch. Commonly used flip flops are- SR (Set Reset), JK, T (Toggle) and D. In every time of memory elements, sequential logic circuits are used. Clock is used in sequential logic circuits. The operation of the flip flop is triggered by it. Combinational logic circuits Sequential logic circuits No memory elements are present in it. Memory elements are present in it. Present value of output depends on the present value of inputs. Present value of output depends on the present and the past value of the inputs. The data cannot be stored in the digital circuits. The data can be stored in the digital circuits. These are dependent on the clock. These are independent of the clock. Feedback circuits are not required in it. Feedback circuits are required in it. Alarm system used in Measurement Test and Fault Finding and required improvements- To manage abnormal situations, the support system is used. This support system is known as alarm system. It is the basic operator support system. The operator is warned regarding the abnormality of the system by it. The risk can be estimated by the alarm system. The alarm system is used to inform, alert and guide the operator regarding the abnormal situation. It should indicate the required response at the time. It should have a rate at which the operator can deal with the problems and it should be easy to understand. In all process conditions, the alarm system should be usable. It should be designed in a proper manner. Fault finder alarm is used to determine the fault. If a fault occurs in any line, then the location of the fault can be determined by the fault finder alarm. Alarm system is used to measure smoke also which is known as smoke detector also. Circuit of smoke detector has been shown in the above page. It is used to detect the smoke. Circuit diagram of underground cable fault distance locator has been shown below- If a fault occurs underground cable, then it is detected by the above circuit. It is very important to determine the location of the fault to repair it. The concept of Ohms law is used in it. 8051 microcontroller is used in it. The cable length (in KM.) is determined by the ADC device. Relay driver IC control the relays. It is used to check the cable lines. A LCD device is connected to the microcontroller. It is used to display the information. A process is used to measure various electrical or physical terms. This process is known as Data acquisition (DAQ). Current, voltage, pressure, sound and temperature are the terms which are measured by DAQ. Diagram of DAQ has been given below- From the above diagram, we can understand the measurement of the equipment. Various sensors are attached to device. These sensors are connected to computer by DAQ. The improvement in the circuit is acquired by DAQ. After testing of the device, the performance and the efficiency of the device is increased. The performance of the underground cable fault finder can also be increased by it. If DAQ circuit and alarm system are connected to the microcontroller, then by the alarm system, it will be easy to find the fault quickly and at the same time, the location of the fault will be displayed on LCD. It will improve the efficiency and accuracy of the system. The diagram of DAQ using 8051 microcontroller has been shown in the previous page. All the required devices are mentioned in the figure. A system should have all the compulsory devices to increase the performance of it. If DAQ circuit is connected to microcontroller, then it will be easy to acquire the data by the system. Human interaction plays a vital role in any system. There should be a proper interaction of the human with the device to increase the performance of the device. The connection of the other devices should be made possible by the human interfacing only. So, all the mandatory devices should be connected in a system to increase the performance of the system. References- Alarm Systems: A Guide To Design, Management and Procurement, The Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association (EEMUA) publication No. 191 Requirement Specification for the HAMBO Alarm System, IFE/HR/F-2000/1141 Alarm-kravspesifikasjon for Amoco Norway Oil Company, Valhall CCR Upgrade Project, IFE/HR/F-99/1118. W. R. Leo (1994).Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments. Springer.ISBN3-540-57280-5. Buddy Fey (1996).Data Power: Using Racecar Data Acquisition. Towery Pub.ISBN1-881096-01-7. Charles D. Spencer (1990).Digital Design for Computer Data Acquisition. Cambridge University Press.ISBN0-521-37199-6.